׉?ׁB! בCט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://hTeOUhztoIsf-uMWu_GStTHJKF_36nWzrZjDWdGisdo G` ׉	 7cassandra://9zBOHVoYPED0ReOwf-9lqRkYLLK6qBf-vACeMIU-gAM}`s׉	 7cassandra://wrI_z7tx43LslDaB4vV3RME7ZVshWvD1PAA4azHMGb8&` ׉	 7cassandra://V7GKWjxExeXCAOGjoaI9o-G_UHi5tCrDcZJSirnMzXQ6B͠]a7ƃ[ѻט   (u׈   U  ׈Ea7ƃ[Ѻ׉EThe AZ Rural Leader
Official Publication of the Arizona Rural Schools Association
SOG OG
in this issue...
SUMMER 2021
Page 1 • From the Executive Director
Page 3 • What Matters? by Sean Rickert,
Superintendent Pima USD,
ARSA Executive Board
Page 7 • Apache County Superintendent
by Joy Whiting, Superintendent
Apache County School
Page 10 • Summer Conference Keynote
Speakers
Page 11 • ARSA Executive Board Members
Page 15 • ARSA Special Guest
Page 16 • 2021 ARSA Teacher of the Year
Nominees
Page 20 • 2021 ARSA Conference Breakout
Sessions
Page 20 • 2021 ARSA
Page25 • No Going Back From Hybrid and
Remote Learning by Benjamin
Herold
Page 31 • 2021 ARSA Hall of Fame Inductee
Page 33 • 2021 ARSA Conference Schedule
Be safe out there, and, as always, please call me if I can help you
with anything.
Wes Brownfield
“Stronger Together!”
Message from the Executive Director
I hope you managed to take some time for yourselves this
summer; heaven knows you deserved it.
As I reflect on what I’ve witnessed over the last months, I’m left
almost speechless. I’ve seen a deadly pandemic, raging forest
fires, and flooding on an unimaginable scale. And all this with
some of the ugliest political discord imaginable, as a backdrop.
This certainly reinforces the notion that any lack of clear,
informed political leadership will create the perfect opportunity
for misinformation and ideology. As educators, we all live and
work with uncertainty, but what you are experiencing now goes
beyond the situational uncertainties with which we all contend.
We are all accustomed now to legislative driven educational
policy.
I hope to see you all at the ARSA Conference, September 16 – 18,
at Little America in Flagstaff. The conference offers everyone the
opportunity to re-connect with colleagues and our Friends, Our
Sponsors, who offer the goods, services, and sometimes just
expert advice to help everyone in the coming school year.
׉	 7cassandra://wrI_z7tx43LslDaB4vV3RME7ZVshWvD1PAA4azHMGb8&` a7ƃ[Ѻa7ƃ[Ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://rMZZ3QKCT8LFRfoZmeTXuwfKLckYYvTCIngC9ZhEdm4 =`׉	 7cassandra://Qik96H2fDagJMyMPM1FAC_M5sOHRiTxb6Kc6eRo-g58D`s׉	 7cassandra://0Ashzd_mZk_RJ2MOPT7dRzYvp0f9TbuLjmnO9eIFNLIH` ׉	 7cassandra://OJIs3JzllRMB72XNksyG-dzJsCJ4J2Saxo_7Wub-zAQ (͠]a7ƃ[ѻט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://UWOgkHycEkVrNTz_bfoRlXbesiIYg5IQB2olD1eVRWs 	K` ׉	 7cassandra://-x8WWXbLrM3_UNfiEUNkwlkuLo9zmXaxMzcU_Aq9c78u` s׉	 7cassandra://m5Nwp-XbOJz-ytExxceeAjzec6xZVysZpK6ZWeVZ_V8,"` ׉	 7cassandra://mnP4rICRkCtRMUptXJyLtxzFdWF3RuCE2VuE5rGcnicY͠]a7ƃ[ѻ׉E  “Stronger Together!”
Page 2
׉	 7cassandra://0Ashzd_mZk_RJ2MOPT7dRzYvp0f9TbuLjmnO9eIFNLIH` a7ƃ[Ѻ׉EWhat Matters?
By Sean Rickert, Superintendent Pima USD, ARSA Executive Board
Educational leaders serve at the behest of
countless agendas. The last year has only added
to the fray and made it harder to keep your eye
focused on the vision of the best way to guide
your district, school or department towards
successfully implementing its vision. Sometimes
it is helpful to consider some empirical evidence
showing what really matters. Most of the factors
that guide decision making are subjective, and
that isn’t always a bad thing.
It can be refreshing
to step back and look at things through a
fresh set of lenses based on objective criteria.
For the base three years I have served as an
appointee of the Arizona State Board of Education
on the
Accountability
Technical
Advisory
Committee managed by the Arizona Department
of Education. My interest in accountability goes
back to a discovery made a decade ago when
reviewing the locations of “A” rated schools in
Arizona. While almost half of the state’s schools
are in the rural counties, fewer than a tenth of
the “A” high schools were in those communities.
It appeared there was some bias in the way we
measure schools. I began to wade through the
morass of noise about what makes a good school.
If we don’t know which factors we should try to
influence, how can we move forward? Luckily, we
have a voluminous data set of factors generally
associated with school quality ripe for utilization
in comparing performance on independent
variables to see how performance on x affects
y. I am not referring to the A-F accountability
Teacher Experience
(A)
Average Years of
Teacher Experiene
Percentage of
Teachers In First 3
Years
Student Spending
(B)
Per Pupil Instruction
Spending
Student Support
Spending
Instruction Support
Spending
Total Operational
Spending
system. Almost everything counted in a school’s
letter grade goes back to student performance
on the state’s standardized test.
To say that
schools are doing well because they do well
on a test seems … circular. I wanted to figure
out what factors are correlated with success.
The Arizona Auditor General provides an annual
report on each school district in the state based
on 137 characteristics of public schools.1
These
reports are useful for helping communities
and boards understand the how their district is
performing relative to other districts. The data
is also reported as a spreadsheet, which means it
can be used to develop a picture of the education
system as a whole. With 137 characteristics for
each of the 212 school districts in hand it becomes
possible to start looking for what really matters.
The first question is what an indicator of quality
performance? As I mentioned, there is a high
level of agreement that student achievement
measured by standardized test scores is a robust
indicator of school quality.
If it isn’t, we should
seriously reconsider our accountability system.
There are a number of districts who do not have
test score data on the Auditor General’s report
due to small n-size and technical issues. Since
performance on the math and English language
arts test are our dependent variables, those small
districts were removed. This leaves us with 185
districts.
Next, it seemed that 137 characteristics
was too much to wrestle with, so seventeen
key factors in five categories were identified.
Operational
Spending
(C)
Per Pupil
Administration
Spending
Plant Operations
Food Service
Transportation
1No such report is generated for the states 700 plus public charter schools.
Page 3
Teacher Spending/
Class Size
(D)
Average Teacher
Salary
Amount from Prop
301
Students Per Teacher
Student Population
Characteristics
(E)
Special Education
Population
English Learner
Population
Poverty Rate
Free/Reduced Price
Price Meal Eligibility
(continued on page 5)
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://m5Nwp-XbOJz-ytExxceeAjzec6xZVysZpK6ZWeVZ_V8,"` a7ƃ[Ѻa7ƃ[Ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://ktxAFyBMwo6H9Ww7_L45NAoJWyqZRGK8oBou4wln1xU `׉	 7cassandra://ZyaDX1Ipj_EMWov-tYxVNGZ46bNmZXgRMNlQYmOrwHgr `s׉	 7cassandra://20Zpd6D3PUThtfA1E1tE40lQfvcye9jqHIDS0R0uQKY'` ׉	 7cassandra://3cRnT7xofoE__CDWXi-9I1T-GrXXfMDNVwtWEy_Asfk A
͠]a7ǃ[ѻ!ט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://cfVrJIt5lg-qDekSJl-jyWKrbuegIsp5AMF_-Mwwstc c`׉	 7cassandra://5rW4MZUR69FWQU9BUp5n4YtjfFVwyT7W1VH5maeC_4sͤ4`s׉	 7cassandra://IUUwpwT3XHuiEe0b9r3GOBulQU6fe-7EIvr2nRiwo8s/!` ׉	 7cassandra://ePbP5AdkjYr1X_Kp_cOEPpOwys4mk_b2cIrx8Hj_A2o _&͠]a7ǃ[ѻ"נa7ǃ[ѻ- Y0
9ׁHhttp://asbait.orgׁׁЈנa7ǃ[ѻ, AÁU
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“Stronger Together!”
Page 4
׉	 7cassandra://20Zpd6D3PUThtfA1E1tE40lQfvcye9jqHIDS0R0uQKY'` a7ƃ[Ѻ׉E
(continued from page 3 - What Matters?)
Years ago, as I was wading through
the morass, I asked a friend at the
capitol why there was no recognition
or incentive for high operational
efficiency among school districts.
It seems, I was told, that there is no
evidence to suggest that greater
operational efficiency correlated
with quality of education. As part of
this brief analysis I applied the same
methodology to understanding the
value of operational efficiency.
So,
we have eighteen characteristics
and 185 districts. Then there is the
always present question of how rural
is different. To observe this, I used
the ‘rural’ and ‘town’ designations
within the database. This removed
63 ‘urban’ districts from the analysis.
Using this statistically significant
sample, I set out to try to answer
the question, “What really matters?”
when it comes to school quality.
A brief note on the methodology used.
If this stuff bores you, skip to the next
paragraph. For each characteristic
a rank value was generated.
A
Pearson correlational coefficient,
Pearson’s r, was used to determine
the extent to which the rank on the
independent
variable
correlated
with the dependent variable -- rank
on test score outcomes. A Pearson
correlational coefficient generates
an outcome between -1 and 1 where
0 is no correlation. The significance
of a correlation is completely
relative. In the social sciences where
relationships between factors are
confounded by multitudinous
exogenous variables a Pearson’s
r of greater than .2 is considered
(continued on page 15)
Page 5
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“Stronger Together!”
Page 6
׉	 7cassandra://UsnZzB2sSoSFhulYp4tcBAATx_h1n-aZv1JBLmG_Kuw%` a7ƃ[Ѻ׉ElApache County Has a New Superintendent
By Joy Whiting, Superintendent Apache County School
Joy Whiting is the newly elected Apache
County School Superintendent. Joy is a
5th generation Arizonian, born and raised
in northeast Arizona. Joy also comes from
a multigenerational teaching background.
Her grandmother and mother were
teachers and both sisters were teachers
and now are administrators.
high, high school and college, and loved
teaching every level.
Just prior to being elected as Apache
County’s newest School Superintendent,
she enjoyed teaching high school
mathematics
using
cutting
edge
technology in the classroom. Joy’s mantra
reads: “Every Child has amazing potential.
Technology in the classroom is critical to
train our students for today’s jobs.”
Joy played high school volleyball and
basketball, winning All-State Awards,
while graduating in the top 10% of her
class. After high school, Joy received both
academic and athletic scholarships and
played college basketball. After a church
service mission to Boston, Massachusetts,
Joy married Michael Whiting. They have
been married for 26 years and counting.
Joy earned her Associates of Science from
Cochise College, her Bachelor’s Degree in
Secondary Education - Mathematics and
her Masters in Curriculum & Instruction
from Arizona State University.
Joy was a classroom teacher
for 25 years before being
elected as the Apache County
School Superintendent.
Joy
has taught preschool, junior
Page 7
Since being elected, Joy has moved into
the technology space in efforts to close
the digital divide for those she serves
in rural Arizona. The Apache County
Business Consortium is an IT educational
service agency under the
Apache County School
Superintendent’s Office.
The Consortium serves
many of the schools in
Apache County with IT
needs and discounted
Educational Rate Internet
Services, better known as
E-Rate. With the onset of
the pandemic, the need
for high speed internet to students’ homes
has been a major point of interest. This
need has not escaped the attention of Joy
Whiting, as she has been the creator of the
(continued on page 8)
“Stronger Together!”
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Apache County Broadband Project, which
would bring the necessary funding for
infrastructure on major projects to provide
fiber
to the homes of Apache County
students and their families.
The main focus of
her Administration
for this
first
term
is increasing the
access of students
to the internet.
Apache County is extremely rural, and
nowhere is that more evident than on the
Navajo Nation. Apache County has the
largest geographical area of the Navajo
Nation within its boundaries. The students
living on the Navajo Nation have been
at an extreme disadvantage during this
pandemic with very little or no connectivity
at home in order to adequately participate
in distance learning.
The Apache County Consortium uses miles
of fiber from the northernmost part of the
County at Red Mesa School District in the
Red Valley/Cove area running south near
Ganado through the Sanders School District
then towards McNary.
The Consortium
has just been awarded more E-Rate dollars
in order to finish a fiber project to the
very small and rural Alpine Elementary
School District and Alpine Library. With a
very special thank you to Milan Eaton, our
state E-Rate Director, this fiber project will
hopefully be completed by next year. With
this much fiber to the schools, Joy is hoping
to work with great
carriers, to leverage
more money in
order to complete
middle and final
mile infrastructure
projects to bring
“Stronger Together!”
Page 8
fiber to the homes. This is an expensive
and complicated process, but with help of
our local school districts, state and federal
officials, and the personnel from the coal
fired plants of SRP and TEP, she hopes to
reach the goal of completing this Apache
County Broadband Project. The attention
Apache County needs to obtain this has
come from our state broadband leaders
like Jeff Sabotka, which has been crucial to
the implementation of the project.
The Apache County Business Consortium,
which currently operates under the school
superintendent’s office, is undergoing
a new phase as well, as it transitions to
a non-profit status to better serve the
Apache County schools. Joy says she
sends another big thank you to Tim Carter,
Yavapai County School Superintendent,
and the example he has set in serving
Yavapai County’s needs, as he has been the
leader in creating this
type of IT non-profit
consortium. With the
help
of Milan
Eaton
and Peter Lin (from
Pinal County) moving
the Apache County
IT consortium to this model has been
doable. Technology is second nature
to students, and teachers need to
have access to use technology in the
classroom. Infrastructure to make sure
schools have high speed internet in
order to implement technology in their
teaching strategies is not easy, but
important. The low density of homes
in Apache County makes the cost of
laying fiber even more expensive, and
attracting carriers willing to take on
these projects is another big hurdle.
One way to help offset issues of cost is
to create a nonprofit IT school group, in
׉	 7cassandra://ZFsznjI3P-ldMqFqdV5ZudO79LkfeW9uyAYr5ZMxSF41` a7ƃ[Ѻ׉Eorder to partner with businesses who
want to service school districts like SRP
and TEP.
With so many new projects
to tackle, and the amount
of new information to learn,
Joy thanks her fellow County
School Superintendents across
the state. Everyone has been so
helpful. Tim Carter from Yavapai
County, Jill Broussard from
Pinal County, Steve Watson
from Maricopa County, Donna
McGaughey
from
Graham
County, and Jalyn Gerlich from Navajo
County have all taken time to meet with
Joy personally. On behalf of everyone at
Apache County School Superintendent’s
Office,
Joy would
also
like
Superintendent Offices as many calls have
gone out to Marc Kuffner and Jill Winn at
the Maricopa Office, Nola Knight at the
Graham County Office, Marvy McNeese at
the Yavapai Office and many
others. Those staff members
have always taken the calls and
treated Apache County with
respect.
This has not gone
unnoticed and it is appreciated.
Also, for all his tireless work for
Apache County and the County
School Superintendents, thank
you to Barry Aarons. And a last
thank you to Wes Brownfield
and all the rural school superintendents
for running the schools and serving the
students in Apache County, and across the
state.
to thank
those who work with the County School
Page 9
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://RC9BIUnz4Og1hEUWRJOL37brnheYg6rxdjqki_Cq5eM'` a7ƃ[Ѻa7ƃ[Ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://ksvQtnP14eCNqBLhIbREPYvBQnD1SBD10KaHV2zfTgo ,`׉	 7cassandra://yIYai5Tt2eMKbrVLTThYsmnN6Wj-rO7bZ6j2P0FppaIͅ`s׉	 7cassandra://qt_2kW4kQ5omOdk6drQ8ub2i8mJBKi-CP2xuqIeHj-w&X` ׉	 7cassandra://uGhQEWydOmADsoKJIzpH-48eCnI0s2_AUP1DM8t3IvY UJ͠]a7ȃ[ѻ7ט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://FS9izx-yV9kp3lpZxwq-_Ks2tq7jda-0NeFSwbhafss u``׉	 7cassandra://miK-w26xyQpyELO2ACgKKHTTUYgXMtYra6gdCFOCaPMo4`s׉	 7cassandra://vGu_fTzZcbJAc2E8hV2uC7SvZSyM2lFvqxudkKGS5_U&` ׉	 7cassandra://rZBs_U8o-ytQQY0bs9Pdly6dBBqNCxUWKlwhZqBzAGQ|&R͠]a7ȃ[ѻ8נa7ȃ[ѻ: 9ׁH !http://www.eastvalleydisaster.comׁׁЈ׉EgSummer Conference Keynote Speakers
Brian Mueller
Brian E. Mueller is the president and CEO of Grand Canyon Education. Brian has
been the president of Grand Canyon University since July 1, 2008.
Prior to Grand Canyon University, President Mueller was the president and
director of the parent company of The University of Phoenix: Apollo Education
Group. Mueller also held executive positions with the University of Phoenix
Online including CEO, chief operating officer, and senior vice president. During
his leadership tenure, enrollment at the University of Phoenix grew from 3,500 to 340,000 students.
Mueller graduated from Concordia University with a bachelor’s degree in secondary education and a
master’s degree in education.
Dr. Lee Jenkins
Lee Jenkins is an author, speaker and recognized authority on improving educational
outcomes. He believes that implementing a growth mindset and celebrating progress
are the keys to helping students learn more and retain their enthusiasm for school. Dr.
Jenkins is the developer of the LtoJ curve concept. Before founding LtoJ Consulting
Services in 2003, he worked as a teacher, principal, a school superintendent, and as
a university professor. Lee has spent 50 years in education.
Lee has authored five books, including How to Create a Perfect School, Optimize
Your School, Permission to Forget, From Systems Thinking to Systemic Action, and
Improving Student Learning.
Lee holds a bachelor’s degree from Point Loma Nazarene University, a master’s degree in education
from San Jose State University, and a Ph.D. from the Claremont Graduate University.
Tom Zoellner
Tom Zoellner is the author of The National Road: Dispatches from a Changing
America. He’s a former reporter for the The Arizona Republic, a graduate of
Canyon del Oro High School in Tucson, a visiting fellow in geography at the
University of Arizona, and a descendant of a territorial-era cotton farmer who
moved to Phoenix in 1905.
Tom is now working on Rim to River: A Journey to the Heart of Arizona from
University of Arizona Press.
Arizona.
This book explores the politics and culture of
“Stronger Together!”
Page 10
׉	 7cassandra://qt_2kW4kQ5omOdk6drQ8ub2i8mJBKi-CP2xuqIeHj-w&X` a7ƃ[ѻ ׉EYour ARSA Executive Board
Past-President
John Warren
Topock Elementary School District
President
Kristen Turner
Paloma Elementary School District
President Elect
Melissa Sadorf
Stanfield Elementary School District
Secretary
Jaime Festa-Daigle
Lake Havasu USD
Treasurer
Kevin Imes
STEDY
County Superintendent Representative
Jacqui Clay
Coshise County School Superintendent
Higher Education Representative
Patty Horn
Northern Arizona University
Business Partner Representative Ex-Officio
Mike Chouteau
1GPA
Regional Representatives
NE - Robbie Koerperich
Holbrook Unified School District
NW - Jaime Festa-Daigle
Lake Havasu Unified School District
SE - Sean Rickert
Advocacy Representative
Pima Unified School District
Central - Stephanie Miller
Congress Elementary School District
SW - Kevin Imes
STEDY
Executive Director
Wes Brownfield
ARSA
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“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://vGu_fTzZcbJAc2E8hV2uC7SvZSyM2lFvqxudkKGS5_U&` a7ƃ[ѻa7ƃ[ѻ (בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://82VFozTgyGZ2D628S7uvmjXEdttLZOJHW1MSH0ELWic ` ׉	 7cassandra://EcXw8wuW5YLTbCy1uwenHsawNlQQx8Kl-HCtQTyemKk̳`s׉	 7cassandra://4kuq92n5H8ISuQINu8HSlal4tM6oIRo1aXqnzKxiu2Y0` ׉	 7cassandra://s50pRzczEInvKFmFT7WcJGiIeoF_uSDOs_RJzJMyvS4I͠]a7ȃ[ѻ;ט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://ecQdCKCSTPQ8NGprtNj34QSa4WDW-N2N0vdP5tfbE9c < `׉	 7cassandra://cLF6Jf_SsitgaR_De8VuVKERQwkdQ1UpxLmjZVWIx14͚`s׉	 7cassandra://UPJUUefMYpvDP6Zjw0WAKKLzFeilrp3b1OZqORA2Kmk+` ׉	 7cassandra://c-S2Ytkl5SBzyDLpgfAidcY0v3aTFRGJQ3QmODMjm-w$͠]a7ȃ[ѻ<נa7ȃ[ѻ? ix9ׁHhttp://www.toscalaw.comׁׁЈ׉E(continued from page 5 - What Matters?)
meaningful.
A value of .921 like was
observed when comparing math scores
and ELA scores basically indicates you’re
looking at two measures of the same
thing.
Secondly, an r-squared analysis
was conducted to see how much of the
variation in test score rank was attributable
to the characteristic being considered. For
statistical purposes very small r-squared
values can have value. The importance of
a factor is made evident by the relative
measure of its coefficient of correlation, r2.
Math tests and ELA tests were considered
separately because for some factors there
are significant differences in how they are
affected by the factor. The same analysis
was done for the whole state population
and the rural population. The summation
is attached as an appendix and the
individual tables are available upon request.
Based on the results of the two layered analysis
we can compare the efficacy of the eighteen
factors. The Pearson’s r analysis shows us
the extent to which schools performing well
on our independent variable were similarly
successful on their test performance. Values
range from -.563, a strong correlation to
-0.015 a weak correlation. Keep in mind it is
the difference between the value and zero
that indicates the strength of the correlation
(i.e. an (r= -.500) correlation is stronger than
an (r=.100)). Similarly, the outcomes of the
r-squared analysis indicate how much of
the variance in student proficiency can
be explained by variations in the specific
factor. The purpose behind the utilization of
the r-squared is to show how much of the
variation in the dependent variable (percent
of students testing proficient district rank)
can be explained by the variation in the
independent variable. The values ranged
from .000 to .317. Clearly some factors
don’t matter much at all. The percentage
of students eligible for special education
services has no effect on the district’s
“Stronger Together!”
Page 12
performance on the state test.
This may
seem counterintuitive, but consider that all
schools have special education programs
mandated by federal law and effectively
monitored by outside auditors.
It makes
sense that there is no meaningful correlation.
On the other end of the spectrum Free and
Reduced-price Meal Program eligibility has
the highest correlation with test scores.
The Pearson correlation shows a negative
relationship.
As the level of eligibility
increases, test scores decrease. The r-squared
value shows us that almost a third of the
variation in test score rank can be explained
by the variation in the FRL eligibility rank.
This is also the point where rural schools
are most different from the whole district
population.
The r-squared values for our
This
rural population are almost half what the
whole population demonstrated.
would imply that if the same analysis were
performed for just the metropolitan school
districts we would find that even more of
their variance is attributable to FRL eligibility.
So, we’ve confirmed what I’ve suspected
for years. Very little matters more than the
socioeconomic background of a district,
but within the rural context you don’t have
the homogeneity of backgrounds you have
within the metropolitan areas. The varied
nature of rural districts means you don’t
have the extreme highs and lows. When
all you look at is the test score to identify
school quality this means rural districts will
fall in the B, C, and D range with fewer A’s
and F’s. This might seem disheartening to
some since it can be taken to mean that all
the efforts to make schools great again are
overshadowed by the fatalistic reality that zip
code really does matter. Two points of light
to help us see past this dismal reality. First,
there is the eighteenth factor of ‘Operational
Efficiency’. Contrary to the supposition of the
policy analyst, it does matter. It also matters
the same for the rural district as the broad
(continued on page 16)
׉	 7cassandra://4kuq92n5H8ISuQINu8HSlal4tM6oIRo1aXqnzKxiu2Y0` a7ƃ[ѻ׉E(continued from page 15 - What Matters?)
population. The positive correlation at .45
(Pearson-r) for math scores and .41 for ELA
scores is as strong a relationship as we find.
Likewise Operational Efficiency explains 20%
of the variance in test scores based on the
r-squared analysis (.20 for math, .17 for ELA).
This is exceeded only by the FRL eligibility
and census poverty as a determinant of
test score performance.
I would suggest
the reason is that schools where people are
focused on putting everything they can into
the classroom are the schools where students
also give a little more. Second, we know that
an “A” school is a school operating under
a certain set of circumstances not likely to
be found in a rural community. This means
that when you find a rural school operating
at the high “B” level, things are going well.
And what are the things that are going well?
They are the kinds of things that leaders can
affect. Operational efficiency is a measure
of how much emphasis is placed on using
the resources provided to the school district
to meet the needs of the students. How
much of each dollar are we getting in the
classroom? This is the product of the difficult
decisions leaders make each day.
Should
the state accountability system recognize
the correlation between high operational
efficiency and higher levels of student
achievement? That is a meaningful question
we should look for opportunities to discuss.
If you are interested in discussing this
and dozens of other issues related to
rural education, I would encourage you
to attend the National Forum to Advance
Rural Education, November 11-12, 2021 in
Indianapolis,
Indiana.
Dr. Melissa Sadorf
and I will be presenting this analysis and Mr.
Milan Eaton and I will be presenting on The
Final Mile Project. If you attend one national
conference this year, I would strongly
recommend that you find the time to make it
to Indianapolis in November.
The Tosca Law Firm, PLC
(928) 274-9696
www.toscalaw.com
Serving Rural School Districts for Over Ten Years | Arizona School Risk Retention Trust Panel Counsel
Call to schedule a consultation to determine how the Firm may best serve the legal needs of your school district.
Page 13
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://UPJUUefMYpvDP6Zjw0WAKKLzFeilrp3b1OZqORA2Kmk+` a7ƃ[ѻa7ƃ[ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://nnwa-_Ji51F9Jd7yOoby4rZtwwj2iTLHvzdsyADGI9Y ~`׉	 7cassandra://6W187nYSyv-8r0ECE_KaiLFzkzufDsSWtRMv5BcTbC4yN`s׉	 7cassandra://ez7Drb0Dgt_Fm9OPe8X2OQXShnvmPaxrvFvfnT9ZuPo(` ׉	 7cassandra://k5Zfma5zS58mxiuKAa5_5C61BiORU8TO8_ZlgI0SmfU 	0͠]a7ȃ[ѻ>ט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://mG4sFUp3bSBBniWWHaUdc1D5Hjj_y5b8dLEdcheIljc `׉	 7cassandra://obBXyQNzvN1txzA1NHum_1JQGujzGAx_KQX47Mgx7kwl`s׉	 7cassandra://YcOXfudiCzyCWnKkdiCnoJWNkV_TM3EIAZvewFxeKoA!` ׉	 7cassandra://1X7uIpuV94hnsqwh4QW2J7exHcOI7joiecALj6W6TIk = ͠]a7ȃ[ѻ@נa7ȃ[ѻB ̗9ׁHhttp://www.davebang.comׁׁЈ׉EEverything you need...
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“Stronger Together!”
Page 14
׉	 7cassandra://ez7Drb0Dgt_Fm9OPe8X2OQXShnvmPaxrvFvfnT9ZuPo(` a7ƃ[ѻ׉E/ARSA Special Guest
Kathy Hoffman
Superintendent Kathy Hoffman has spent her
entire career working in public education, first
as a pre-school teacher and then as a speech
therapist in Arizona’s public schools. She began
her career in the Vail School District in Southern
Arizona before joining the Peoria Unified School
District. In November 2018, she was elected State
Superintendent of Public Instruction and assumed
office in January 2019. As State Superintendent, she
oversees all of Arizona’s public schools and manages
a department of approximately 600 education
professionals that work across the state.
2020 State Teacher of the year
Vanessa Arredondo
I believe that every child can reach their full
potential when we provide them with the necessary
resources and support system.
I believe that
building strong relationships with all stakeholders
is essential in providing a quality education for
students and empowering student growth. As an
educator, I believe that it is my duty to use my voice
to advocate for my students.
Page 15
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://YcOXfudiCzyCWnKkdiCnoJWNkV_TM3EIAZvewFxeKoA!` a7ƃ[ѻa7ƃ[ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://VG7uRRXZhbHVObhLvbS1aor0L-6N1xyUDCOfw0BII8Q ).`׉	 7cassandra://0OFi94YVDt8414xBEpBWKCIWaJqcYIKdJHjZ8op_Rx4x`s׉	 7cassandra://1vH6pwaS58cHdNbuVuwzFUguDjNH8b5VhPWTrFWQ-LQ!	` ׉	 7cassandra://76GRhAbsYllsdhKldSOUqBDBaWWBHNplZDsm9DB9sQg ͠]a7ȃ[ѻCט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://ek4W_k4a92HtQr5vwB5ASIm-ZOLadpFUyC12a9nxiZk %`׉	 7cassandra://5hpSdhnsDtnEzaDwCygcD3jw9lRc5k8Sgvk6jhzVXl0bO`s׉	 7cassandra://3izMUzTJUCf3sa_Jz9jRepmUdaiYPmYMlEL6bCqARAY` ׉	 7cassandra://NK5aJGuqp0UwmA8-I7ny99ewgY58EtiCwwFzPEentjM͠]a7Ƀ[ѻD׉EARSA Teacher of the Year NominEES
Tracy Banker-Murtadza
I believe that every child can learn. I believe that every child has the right to opportunities that expand and
promote their education. I believe strongly that a teacher is a child’s second teacher and parents and teachers
need to be on the same page for the education and well-being of their child. Communication and collaboration
are the keys to always giving positive messages about the children to the parents, to the staff in a school setting,
to the community, but the most important message is to the child. My goal with all students in my classroom is
to promote a love of learning, develop critical thinking skills, and practice patience and perseverance. My goals
with all students in my school are to provide a safe learning environment, promote trust, respect, fairness, and
self-esteem. A child is like a seed. We, as teachers, are the gardeners.
Marisol Calderon-Santacoloma
Education is a celebration of all the gifts we as individuals bring forth to share. My educational philosophy
actively engages connection, transparency, and servitude, all grounded in improving the lives of lifelong
learners. By putting our students first, I am able to provide meaningful lessons that are carefully designed to
meet each student’s individual needs. Innovative instructional and leadership practices help me empower
others to reach their goals in ways that are holistic and fun. By building strong and positive relationships
with members of the entire learning community, I strive for equity and understanding. My core values help
propel my passion for the vast world of education and ground me in always doing what is best for our
learners.
Mark Dittmar
Successful teachers do whatever it takes to get students interested and even excited about their subjects.
They wear many hats and differentiate instruction. They leave students feeling encouraged, appreciated,
and that they are proud of them for putting their best foot forward regardless of their finished product.
Laura Figueroa
Every student deserves to experience a teacher that believes in them. A successful teacher leads by gracious
example, encourages, and loves. All students are worthy of such teachers. Someone that can show them
acceptance and compassion. The purpose of our classrooms are to bring out the confidence and endless
potential in every student. With these values my philosophy in teaching is to be the change you want to see.
Gemma Gomez
I know that I cannot solve the education gap overnight and definitely can not fix decades-old rural education
issues with just one phone call. But I believe as a teacher I can do something. I can help my students reach
their full potential and try to make a difference in a child’s life. I believe that education is the most valuable
possession a child can have. It is something that no one can take away from them and will help them become
successful in life.
“Stronger Together!”
Page 16
׉	 7cassandra://1vH6pwaS58cHdNbuVuwzFUguDjNH8b5VhPWTrFWQ-LQ!	` a7ƃ[ѻ׉EKaitlin McGill
Success to me is providing my students with experiential and hands on education. There is extreme
value in building relationships with my students and the community. Incorporating the local
community into my classroom provides memorable experiences for all.
Amanda Mowrey
My work on developing their ability to investigate and research all questions so they can become self-sufficient
and successful lifelong learners. I encourage them to question, create, and build relations so they can achieve
their goals. I invite students to be responsible for their own learning by asking them what they want to learn,
including them in their evaluation, helping raise awareness of their strengths and weaknesses, and asking for
their input on how to better my teaching so we can grow together.
Christina Musselman
As a teacher, I know that students come with different learning styles and their own unique qualities that
make them who they are. It is our job as teachers to accommodate our students and their needs and meet
them where they are in order to help them develop their knowledge and skills to be well rounded learners
and thinkers. I believe that there is power in being able to watch students grow and change into their own
independent thinkers.
Cherri Redd
We are all learners and teachers. To the student this means that education must have value. When students are
allowed to freely express their opinions, they will also become more confident and open to their own learning.
The instructor must allow the learner to voice opinions and thoughts. Everyone has something we can learn
from them; we are all learners and teachers.
Lora Tapia
I believe that teachers teach young human beings not curriculum. Every child is different therefore
teachers cannot focus in on the curriculum until they get to know the child.
Ty White
I believe that every student deserves equitable opportunities to learn. I believe that every student
needs to develop scientific literacy, just as we expect their literacy to develop in every other subject.
I believe that I can be part of the solution in equalizing access to opportunities for students of
different backgrounds.
Page 17
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://3izMUzTJUCf3sa_Jz9jRepmUdaiYPmYMlEL6bCqARAY` a7ƃ[ѻa7ƃ[ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://bhBp1Z1d2sw4z22fqrFBgJPjEX8MhT8Km77DkpUBV4Q `׉	 7cassandra://WVO_3YjKZdKrXy9OguUhY2RqoX1EBSbymwgxUpvr2T8g`s׉	 7cassandra://Z38j16h7iDZXckAWCsjlUzwfKudVMz4wP7q1VsbF27Q#@` ׉	 7cassandra://KxUf9WvW8UDldKgdUbVOlyfbuaOzcLjkCXakV8s820g 0͢͠]a7Ƀ[ѻFט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://ffK567DsEs33wLruN_yP2e57K92UygFx_eYTU_bqP0Y P`׉	 7cassandra://HXQMH96fL1iqIAavHWNoksjuVVeEuVizj11YjJw2XWU͆`s׉	 7cassandra://1MTsqEIEUeTCn_AQlnqyqiKSZSA_sLLaYFR9_eZ-Lzc.` ׉	 7cassandra://Ov3Zn_w19rWeVBjh3D3ArvgIMJFsoVZgTF_xnwh79E8 }Cd͠]a7Ƀ[ѻGנa7Ƀ[ѻJ ̐9ׁHhttp://www.amtab.comׁׁЈ׉EK-12 DINING COMMONS
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“Stronger Together!”
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׉	 7cassandra://Z38j16h7iDZXckAWCsjlUzwfKudVMz4wP7q1VsbF27Q#@` a7ƃ[ѻ׉E K-12 DINING COMMONS
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Page 19
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://1MTsqEIEUeTCn_AQlnqyqiKSZSA_sLLaYFR9_eZ-Lzc.` a7ƃ[ѻ	a7ƃ[ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://7fISuXcfMo3WtWMK6DZeQWMLOeET96EIgaaJ3jlN2pk m` ׉	 7cassandra://TqSV91OIm8KrWsQ6rjgCkxwFAEyf1KvWkABijduWQmcv`s׉	 7cassandra://ksvV8GV7MMfN3U6Ez-CdxfaJQGjLFTHYyn04I8cKVxw"` ׉	 7cassandra://OTbhAP9cWR8pZHUli-y5w_4J0pzu6E28PVsuP_Y6N5k͝(͠]a7Ƀ[ѻKט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://eeMhq8kYoEAheNmYGUJyFqQQi8yoKeLFoJPhQa8WURg 9`׉	 7cassandra://YIAMpxOgDZLM-SujfsyFe4Ovo_cdlrvIB6Op3giMsVw;`s׉	 7cassandra://E7FdxRDPoJYX1Xd8zXy5tFIa5gw4iLPE-Is2NsAFJO8(` ׉	 7cassandra://WrugkeRettcJ09orrP1YXsi8W2vV-xSpjtnAaFVETYk &̄͠]a7ʃ[ѻLנa7ʃ[ѻO v9ׁHhttp://www.canyonstatebus.comׁׁЈ׉EaARSA CONFERENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS
Session One
9:30-10:30 AM
Ballroom B
“Bringing Teacher Preparation to Your District” Marcy Wood, University of Arizona
The “pathways to Teaching” program seeks to address the teacher shortage in rural Arizona by working with districts to recruit prospective
teachers from within the school district community, thereby allowing students to remain in their districts and serve their communities.
Ballroom C
“Solutions to Address Learning Loss” Brad Mitchell, Generation Schools
This session will provide a pathway to considering individual and collaborative options for addressing the most pressing needs in your
district in the coming year. Participants will be guided by a template that analyzes possibilities and engage in shared discussion with GSN
experts and similar districts.
Aspen Room
“Getting the Most From Construction Dollars” Gerald Green, VANIR Construction Management
This session will provide districts guidance on the use of a construction management company to maximize their construction funding as
well as ensuring well-coordinated and effective construction management through needs assessments, planning, and forecasting.
Agassiz Room
“The Answer is Your People” Dr. Susan Hammack, Hammack ED Consulting
Best practices for teacher, principal, and superintendent improvement, will focus on: Teacher’s instruction and classroom management,
Principal’s instructional leadership and staff evaluation, and for the superintendent: a framework (PELP) for professional development
models.
Ponderosa Room
“Building Learner Advocacy” Joe Howard, Prescott USD, Superintendent
Looking for ways to build, or rebuild, ownership and independence in your students? We will deepen your understanding of learner agency
and how all students can gain ownership for their learning, set and accomplish goals, and monitor their own learning process.
Spruce Room
“Connecting the Dots in Arizona” Jacqui Clay, Cochise County ESA
This session will provide innovative practices that can have an impact on communications and relationships between schools, families,
community leaders, and our business partners.
Session Two
11:00-12:00 AM
Ballroom C
“Instructional Mentoring: A New Practice” Kathleen Paulson and Christi Olsen, Lake Havasu USD
The practice of intentional instructional mentoring by highly trained, non-evaluative mentors supports new educators on their journey
to becoming curious, persistent, and reflective practitioners.
mentoring program.
In this session you will learn about building a comprehensive induction and
Aspen Room
“Viable Restorative Practice” Richard Long, Education Life Skills
There has been a call to action for educators to revamp, revise, or totally redo their discipline practices and procedures. This session will help
educational leaders more fully understand “Restorative Practices” in education.
Agassiz Room
“Best Practices for STEM Education” Cori Araza, Grand Canyon University
When science, technology engineering, and math (STEM) learning includes integrative approaches to instruction, student engagement
flourishes. In this session we will discuss inquiry and collaboration through the lens of engineering design and project-based learning, and
how leaders can encourage successful STEM instruction.
Ponderosa Room
“Practical Tools for Leaders” Dr. Howard Carlson, NAU Rural Resource Center
The NAURRC website provides short, timely videos, resource information, and contacts for expert support related to all the various topics,
both new and veteran administrators face every day. We welcome you to see what the site has to offer, which topics will be added soon, and
discus what you would like to see added to the NAURRC website,
Spruce Room
“The Final Mile Project” Sean Rickert, Arizona Rural Schools Association
The Final Mile Project is designed to promote “Last Mile” connection for rural Arizona Students from the high-quality Broadband most have
to their schools to their homes. For far too many rural students, internet availability is either nonexistent, very poor quality, of prohibitively
expensive. This project offers a proven, cost-effective concept for providing dependable, high quality internet service to all rural students.
Session Three
2:30-3:30 P.M.
Ballroom C
“Engaging Students in Their Own Continuous Improvement” Lee Jenkins, L to J Consulting
How to Make Growth Mindset Visible, Audible and Thrilling. A step-by-step presentation of the LtoJ process that replaces harmful data with
data for joy. Examples are PK to grade 12. Come with cell phone camera to take pictures you can share with colleagues.
“Stronger Together!”
Page 20
׉	 7cassandra://ksvV8GV7MMfN3U6Ez-CdxfaJQGjLFTHYyn04I8cKVxw"` a7ƃ[ѻ
׉E9Aspen Room
“How to Make Your School Look Good” Cullen and Pastor, Arizona School Councilor’s Association
Join us for This conversation with four experts to demonstrate how school counselors and administrators can effectively collaborate to
increase attendance, enhance test scores and graduation rates while decreasing discipline and behavior problems. Good councilors make
you look good.
Agassiz Room
“Lightening the Lift For Teachers Through Blended Learning” Nikki DeJulia
Help your teachers create more effectiveness with their instructional time. This session will give you one superintendent’s perspective on
how blended learning helped her become a more effective leader while reducing her stress. Topics will be the structure and methods used
to foster high student growth, data driven instruction, and differentiation.
Ponderosa Room
”Developing Relational Classroom Leadership” Chris Layton, Capturing Kids’ Hearts
When school culture is built on a connection to students, a culture of relational classroom leadership emerges. These relationships tend to
the social-emotional needs of students and their educators, which transform campuses, districts, and entire communities. Kids want to be
in classrooms where they feel connected and valued. This session provides leaders the understand needed to create these relationships.
Spruce Room
“Connecting Rural Arizona Students to Highly Qualified Teachers” Glen Lineberry, Arizona Student Opportunity Collaborative
AzSOC provides instruction and curriculum to rural Arizona Students by connecting them to highly qualified teachers already serving in
rural schools. After a brief presentation of the program, AzSOC leaders will lead an exploration of how best AzSOC can expand its service to
rural Arizona’s students, teachers, and schools.
Session Four
3:45-5:00 P.M.
Aspen Room
“Superintendents Round Table” Sean Rickert and Melissa Sadorf, ARSA, Pima USD, Stanfield ESD
Join Melissa and Sean as they facilitate discussions on current topics and challenges facing rural leaders and provide policy and legislative
updates. They will be joined by Rebecca Bebee, ASA, and Chris Kotterman, ASBA This session will focus on debriefing the last 18 months
and discussing the future.
Spruce Room
“Doctoral Research Presentations”
Laura Corr, Arizona State University: Engaging Parents of High School Students in Special Has a Positive Impact on Their Academic
Success
Victoria Theissen-Homer, Arizona State University: Understanding the Teacher Chasm in the Grand Canyon State
Denise Schares, University of Northern Iowa: How Effective Job Embedded Educational Leadership Development Can Support Positive
Outcomes for Rural Schools
“Setting the Standard in Arizona for
Quality & Service”
www.canyonstatebus.com
PHONE: 602-230-1515
TOLL FREE: 877-230-1515
Page 21
“Stronger Together!”
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(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://-8Nb9Ah75FhsJPMelCW7wMstX2oDfimh0heMK_f8P_Q a`׉	 7cassandra://l7w04ypVdC1YlBS9vff_C6JPbDGwTqOdAhq4Y-_qWnkd`s׉	 7cassandra://B7HwjD20d6_JulMRQ4n1eq7I1xknoL_ChJq2Kxnssr8(` ׉	 7cassandra://OHlGmXQEBho_gtObD_BnNq1dk7QJU1EU9xsCGt78zgI ϟ͠]a7ʃ[ѻPט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://eKrVOASjfbT_8blg5azZ-p0EKABBugvJdHwf-u7PAMo ` ׉	 7cassandra://luxShU7nwyUPEHzQCgFj1vppiO73Cz9IERJNlUevJqI|` s׉	 7cassandra://hIzdymuqZtPP925PoEbBTvCSvQM9Z-kMIQCUe3pQLnY)` ׉	 7cassandra://pu2qPo22vqf8oFZKUVhfHhLu6BcvLcSCPS9OSbotNHE͏.͠]a7ʃ[ѻQנa7ʃ[ѻT &(9ׁHmailto:printme@dvusd.orgׁׁЈ׉E !“Stronger Together!”
Page 22
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“Stronger Together!”
Page 24
׉	 7cassandra://AVw1GYasM7opZ-xyeFvF8MIiEbqxQxIsJzNlk8PgsJUB` a7ƃ[ѻ׉ENo Going Back From Remote and Hybrid Learning, Districts Say
By Benjamin Herold
January 7, 2021
Many teachers hate it. Millions of parents find it
exhausting. A growing body of evidence suggests
it has contributed to students falling significantly
behind.
Regardless, livestreamed remote instruction is set to
remain a significant part of K-12 education, long
after the coronavirus pandemic is finally under
control.
“There’s no going back now,” said Pedro Martinez,
superintendent of the 49,000-student public
school system in San Antonio, Texas, where
voters recently approved a $90 million bond
to pay for new technology–including cameras
and microphones that will be used to broadcast
teachers working from their classrooms into
the homes of thousands of students learning
remotely across the city.
That’s just one of the models for live (“synchronous”)
instruction-by-videoconference that has taken
hold in the nation’s schools. Since March, districts
have distributed tens of millions of digital devices
while making massive investments in at-home
connectivity, creating almost overnight the
infrastructure necessary to support widespread
experimentation.
As a result, teachers and students in many
communities now spend hours each day
interacting via Zoom, Google Meet, or Microsoft
Teams. In Guilford County, N.C., local education
leaders took just six weeks to stand up two
new full-time virtual academies, which at one
point this fall served nearly 10 percent of the
district’s 73,000 students. In Dougherty County,
Ga., a company that bills itself as the “Peloton of
Education” provides the short-staffed local school
district with certified teachers who livestream their
lessons onto students’ laptops from hundreds of
miles away.
“We
really
like
the
Superintendent Kenneth Dyer.
Page 25
flexibility,”
said
For America’s schools, COVID-19 isn’t
just a public health crisis. It’s also a
budget crisis and a mental health
crisis, an academic crisis and a racialjustice
crisis. No one yet knows the full severity
and duration of the resulting challenges. But a
dozen experts consulted by Education Week–
district leaders and pediatricians, economists
and parents, ed-tech entrepreneurs and policy
researchers–see a confluence of forces that will
likely fuel continued demand for remote teaching.
For starters, clinical COVID-19 vaccine trials
are just now beginning for younger children,
meaning there’s little reason to believe that most
of America’s 51 million public school students
will be vaccinated by the start of the 2021-22
school year. The nation’s stagnant economy has
also drained state coffers, leading many experts
to predict that the nation’s school districts will
continue to slash personnel. Even before the
pandemic, many schools were facing a severe
shortage of highly qualified teachers, especially
in rural areas.
And perhaps the biggest wildcard is a surge in
interest in remote schooling from a small but
significant subset of families. Tired of the constant
microaggressions and racial discrimination that
sapped their children’s spirit in traditional school,
some parents of color report feeling empowered
by remote learning, which has given them new
visibility into classroom instruction, curricular
materials, and how the adults in public schools
are behaving.
“They’re not likely to give that up,” said Annette
Anderson, an assistant education professor at
Johns Hopkins University, where she also serves
as the deputy director of the Center for Safe &
Healthy Schools.
Add it all up, and it’s easy to see why players in
the nation’s multi-billion dollar ed-tech industry
sense opportunity.
(continued on page 27)
“Stronger Together!”
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Page 26
׉	 7cassandra://v3aDQCykmlnzUXa5dntYYI5m1jkPSjySa2Muwdh_dS41k` a7ƃ[ѻ׉E(continued from page 25 - No Going Back from Hybrid and Remote Learning, Districts Say)
Back in 1997, for example, Michael Chasen helped
create the popular learning-management system
Blackboard. Fifteen years later, a private equity
group bought his company for $1.7 billion.
Now, Chasen is back in the game, launching last
summer a new company that aims to make Zoom
more suitable for education, by adding functions
such as assignments, interactive quizzes, and an
attention-tracking feature that allows teachers
to monitor what students are viewing on their
screens. ClassEDU has already raised $16 million
in venture capital.
Remote instruction has “passed the acceptance
barrier,” said Chasen, who described the past eight
months as hands-on training in online education
for millions of students and teachers.
For some observers, though, that’s cause
for concern. The push to make permanent a
temporary “solution” intended as an emergency
stopgap fits a long tradition of schools throwing
good money after bad when it comes to ed tech,
said researcher Audrey Watters, author of the
forthcoming book Teaching Machines.
“I don’t think making Zoom more quiz-friendly is
particularly interesting,” Watters said. “I wish we
would just make a commitment to fund schools
and prioritize the safety of students and teachers.”
And for Jenny Radesky, an assistant professor
of pediatrics at the University of Michigan who
studies the ways mobile technology affects child
development, the sooner most children can step
outside the current “flattened, two-dimensional,
technology-mediated” version of school, the
better.
“We’ve all been through this traumatic experience
together,” Radesky said. “Kids are going to have to
heal. The way that happens is through positive
relationships.”
Following are inside looks at how three school
districts are seeking to pursue remote and hybrid
instruction next school year and beyond.
Before shutting its physical doors last March to
Page 27
help slow the spread of COVID-19, the San Antonio
Independent School District offered “pretty close
to zero” live remote instruction, according to
Superintendent Pedro Martinez.
Over the ensuing months, however, the
district
purchased
30,000
Chromebooks,
distributed thousands of mobile hotspots,
adopted a new learning management system, and
worked with city and state officials to help build
fiber-optic networks in neighborhoods around
the city. And after the district lost touch with
one-fourth of its elementary students last spring,
when most of the city’s elementary schools could
offer only an hour or so per day of live instruction,
officials decided to change their approach.
During the first half of this school year, almost all
of San Antonio ISD’s 3,200 teachers provided live
“hybrid” instruction from their schools. About 30
percent of their students were physically present
in the classroom, while the remaining 70 percent
followed along remotely from home.
Still, there were problems. For teachers, trying
to keep in-person students engaged while also
remaining visible on-camera for remote students
proved particularly challenging.
“Our best teachers are very energetic,” Martinez
said. “They asked for additional equipment, so
they can move around.”
That’s why the district decided at the last minute
to include in its $90 million bond proposal money
for 1,600 camera-and-microphone rigs from a
company called Swivl. The gear automatically
follows teachers as they circulate in their
classrooms, with the aim of creating a more
dynamic livestreaming experience for remote
students.
“I want that flexibility, as long as we can show
children
are
said
still
the
learning,” Pedro Martinez,
superintendent, San Antonio Public Schools.
Martinez
purchase is a long-term
investment that can help his district maintain
hybrid instruction, even after coronavirus-related
restrictions eventually end.
(continued on page 28)
“Stronger Together!”
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`s׉	 7cassandra://xQkPhGRwFIukMK0KMm9pe4T1roD77oEgMbXC4Zpy_ZU+K` ׉	 7cassandra://HjLZSt2vqhBAi8cW9H3E_JEflojzXP2qHwB70c_F2KkK͠]a7˃[ѻ\׉E(continued from page 27 - No Going Back from Hybrid and Remote Learning, Districts Say)
“Like Peloton,” Baranwal said, referencing the
fitness-equipment juggernaut whose exercise
instructors livestream workout classes via the
tablets mounted on riders’ stationary cycles.
So far, Elevate K-12’s footprint is relatively small,
with about 700 live classes delivered to roughly
200 schools per day. Baranwal said that figure is
up 93 percent from last school year. A little over
half the company’s current clients are fully remote,
while the rest are mostly hybrid.
Among Elevate
Teresa Vazquez, a teacher in Fort Wayne, Ind., remotely
teaches a Spanish 1 class to students at Monroe High
School in Albany, Ga., Courtesy of Elevate K-12
“I think the right mix is the reverse of what we
have now,” the superintendent said. “My ideal
is when we can have 70 percent of students inperson
and 30 percent remote.”
San Antonio isn’t alone. Ten percent of district
leaders surveyed by the RAND Corporation
last fall said they had adopted or were considering
a similar hybrid instructional model. Another
19 percent said they were at least considering
offering ongoing remote instruction, perhaps to
specific subsets of students or to keep all children
learning during weather emergencies.
To make that vision more feasible, some education
leaders are already pushing for state-level policy
changes. Since the coronavirus hit, for example,
the Texas Education Agency has allowed schools
to include remote instruction when calculating
student attendance. Martinez is advocating that
state officials make that change permanent.
“I want that flexibility,” he said, “as long as we can
show children are still learning.”
Ed-tech entrepreneur Shaily Baranwal believes the
nation is weary of remote learning because it too
often amounts to little more than kids watching
online videos. To rectify that, Elevate K-12 offers
districts certified teachers who live all over the
country, but run synchronous classes that can be
livestreamed anywhere.
“Stronger Together!”
Page 28
K-12’s power
users
is
the
14,000-student Dougherty County, Ga., public
schools, which serves the small city of Albany and
its poor, mostly rural surroundings. The district first
contracted with Elevate K-12 during the 2017-18
school year, using live certified teachers instead
of paraprofessionals or software programs to
provide remedial math and reading help to small
groups of struggling students.
Superintendent Kenneth Dyer was so happy with
the results he turned to Elevate K-12 to help solve
an even bigger problem. His district employs
about 1,000 teachers across 21 schools. But it
often started the school year with as many as 50
vacancies.
“If everyone could have an effective teacher
physically in the classroom at all times, we would
certainly prefer that. But that’s not possible in
every school system in the country,” Kenneth
Dyer, Superintendent, Dougherty County, Ga.,
Public Schools.
In a country that is short an estimated 100,000
teachers or more, that’s a common problem, said
Emma García, an economist with the Economic
Policy Institute. And while clear data on COVID19-related
teacher retirements, resignations, and
layoffs remain difficult to come by, cratering state
budgets offer plenty of reason to believe that
shortage is about to get worse.
“We know from plenty of previous recessions that
after a crisis, there’s a cut in the number education
jobs,” García said.
׉	 7cassandra://CBlMI828l37sIQpmzvwq2uuBFAwdXefMnpURioFq9G0*` a7ƃ[ѻ׉EDyer cautioned against hiring third-party
instructors as a cost-saving measure. His district
now pays Elevate K-12 for 15 remote teachers,
most of whom are live-streamed onto largescreen
televisions in physical classrooms that
students attend in person. The district saves
some money, because it doesn’t have to provide
benefits to the teachers. But there are also added
costs, Dyer said, such as paying paraprofessionals
to help with classroom management when a
physical teacher isn’t present.
That fits with advice from García and other experts,
who stressed that no matter what schooling looks
like in 2021 and beyond, the combination of
learning loss and trauma that children and families
have experienced will require more educators,
not less.
The real value of live remote instruction,
according to Dyer, is flexibility. If there’s an
Advanced Placement course that 10 students at
one high school and 10 students at a separate
high school hope to take, Dougherty County can
now contract with Elevate K-12 for a single remote
teacher who can be livestreamed into both
schools simultaneously. There are also options to
hire Elevate K-12 teachers to provide synchronous
instruction for just three or four days a week, or
just a few periods a day.
Some may worry about converting teaching
into “gig work,” with educators going from being
professional unionized employees to becoming
independent contractors along the lines of Uber
drivers. (Baranwal responded by saying that
Elevate K-12 teachers, 83 percent of whom are
women, “want the flexibility to work at the hours
that work best for them.”)
And an even more fundamental concern is that
even the best live remote instruction is a poor
substitute for face-to-face teaching. On that, the
Dougherty County superintendent agreed—to a
point. “If everyone could have an effective teacher
physically in the classroom at all times, we would
certainly prefer that,” Dyer said. “But that’s not
possible in every school system in the country.”
Officials in the 73,000-student Guilford County,
Page 29
N.C., school system learned something surprising
from their COVID-driven foray into remote
learning.
“It offers parents a unique opportunity to be
much more deeply involved in their children’s
education,” Superintendent Sharon Contreras
said. “They actually get to observe instruction
regularly. That hasn’t happened before.”
Prior
to last school year, online offerings in
Guilford County consisted mostly of asynchronous
supplemental and credit-recovery courses
for high school students. The district was still
recovering from an ill-fated experiment with 1-to1
computing several years earlier, and schools still
had to contend with a significant digital divide in
the surrounding community. As a result, teachers’
live instruction availability was limited to an hour
or so per day in the weeks immediately after the
coronavirus hit.
Many parents weren’t happy. So this summer,
the district decided to triple the amount of live
remote instruction schools offered.
“Expectations changed dramatically,” said Chief
Academic Officer Whitney Oakley.
She and Contreras wanted to avoid hybrid
instruction as much as possible, believing it’s
not realistic
to ask teachers to teach in two
fundamentally different ways at the same time.
They also wanted to provide certainty to parents
who knew last summer they wouldn’t send their
children back to physical school at all during the
2020-21 school year. And the biggest challenge
they faced was funding: There wasn’t enough
money to allow teachers to be all-remote or allin
person and to allow for appropriate social
distancing inside classrooms.
“Parent choice is going to drive much of this
conversation. Districts would be wise to think about
how they’re building out these new options,”
Annette Anderson, Education Professor, Johns
Hopkins University.
Anderson advised. “Districts would be wise to think
about how they’re building out these new options.”
(continued on page 30)
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://xQkPhGRwFIukMK0KMm9pe4T1roD77oEgMbXC4Zpy_ZU+K` a7ƃ[ѻa7ƃ[ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://3xiP4Tefogy5IRRSKhNabb0QZCfMu3Vn-Qjc78M5X7I zA` ׉	 7cassandra://gfzonkiyQV98U7FmzoQ_LK-1c86v1n4nBhqPAvT4BUM}`s׉	 7cassandra://cUKYGeynO7KWseZwBK4b-pRi81U5X6udzKrb3NJDj3A% ` ׉	 7cassandra://QruZEJzAhyhNe3ugfm1zXp0uhmDIwqijT9EeUlijQS0 C͠]a7̃[ѻ^ט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://9_P_FKHVfgQzNlMiLjciHii3BferdTKkXVQx5RpIrHM S`׉	 7cassandra://ZyjEl8wDP7UqZxbNv2d7e2FGF1wJBGE8ZRCHxeh6kG8r`s׉	 7cassandra://h-7ckBz0RiiCaRl7gNOZcSawEd7QfWiVlze_FbmaToI'` ׉	 7cassandra://UEnkM51npC1IkKSaqRdjqLEUqOTF6vLT9eF8RM_eLRsa͠]a7̃[ѻ_נa7̃[ѻb y9ׁHhttp://www.pgpc.orgׁׁЈנa7̃[ѻa s̘9ׁHmailto:Orders@pgpc.orgׁׁЈ׉E	“To Assist, Train and Educate”
Need a Hand?
Finance, Purchasing, GFA
Mohave Cooperative Contract
17M-PGPC-1215
Orders@pgpc.org
480.699.4458 www.pgpc.org
(continued from page 29 - No Going Back from Hybrid and Remote Learning, Districts Say)
The district decided to create two of its own fulltime
virtual schools: The Guilford eLearning Virtual
Academy, serving grades K-5, and Guilford eLearning
University Prep, for grades 6-8. By mid-Fall, more than
7,000 students were enrolled in the two fully remote
schools, which offered several hours of live remote
instruction each day, as well as alternative scheduling
options (such as evening hours) for families who
needed flexibility.
Such new models of schooling have been a godsend
for many parents, especially those raising Black
children, said Johns Hopkins education professor
Annette Anderson. The opportunity to virtually
invite educators into their homes, observe how the
adults in school interact with students, and protect
the emotional well-being of their children has totally
shifted many parents’
relationships with public
schools, she said.
According to the recent RAND Corp. survey, that
process has already begun. Across the country, roughly
2 in 10 district leaders have adopted or are considering
their own virtual schools for the long haul.
In Guilford County,
“Stronger Together!”
for example, Superintendent
Page 30
Contreras is already planning for how to make the
district’s new virtual academies permanent, as well as
possibly continuing the remote instruction that is now
happening from traditional schools.
There are funding and equity challenges to consider: If
students move out of their home schools and into the
new remote schools, for example, funding and staff
will follow, a shift that some principals and parents will
surely resist. As COVID-19 recedes, as is hoped, there
will also likely be a closer look at exactly how remote
learning has been for the nation’s students, especially
those who are most vulnerable.
But Contreras said she hears the voices of parents
who believe their children are thriving under the new
model. She also believes there are real opportunities to
better serve thousands of students who currently slip
through the cracks of physical schools, often because
they are homeless or raising children of their own.
“We intend to ensure that pre-K through grade 12, we
continue to have some remote options for students in
the future,” she said.
▫
׉	 7cassandra://cUKYGeynO7KWseZwBK4b-pRi81U5X6udzKrb3NJDj3A% ` a7ƃ[ѻ׉E52021 ARSA Hall of Fame Inductee
Jacquline D. Price
Jacque Price has lived in Arizona since 1973. She received a Bachelor of
Arts in elementary education from Arizona State University, a Master of
Arts in educational administration from Northern Arizona University,
and completed her superintendent certification requirements at the
University of Phoenix.
Jacque began her education career at a private school in Phoenix, Arizona
as a Kindergarten teacher and assistant director.
In 1984 she moved to
Prescott, Arizona with her husband and two children. She taught first
grade and band at Mayer Elementary School for two years. She began
teaching first grade for the Prescott Unified School District in 1986 at
Taylor Hicks Elementary School. In subsequent years, she taught many
former students in sixth and eighth grades at both Granite Mountain
Middle School and Prescott Mile High Middle School, mainly teaching
social studies and math. In 2005, she began her administrative career at
Chinle Junior High School as principal and then professional development
coordinator. She was principal at Camp Verde Elementary School before
moving to Ehrenberg, Arizona to become the superintendent at Quartzsite
Elementary School District in 2007.
Jacque was unanimously appointed as the La Paz County Superintendent of Schools by the Board of Supervisors on October
22, 2014. She was elected to the position in 2016 and retired at the end of her term on December 31, 2020.
In 2021, the Arizona Rural Schools Association inducted Jacque into the ARSA Hall of Fame.
Page 31
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://h-7ckBz0RiiCaRl7gNOZcSawEd7QfWiVlze_FbmaToI'` a7ƃ[ѻa7ƃ[ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://4k3r87Z0lxjJA-IuxL-00FhQzcDhIQA3_z5Hkt2G78Y `׉	 7cassandra://vnV9s8MssOKWcIy9sL4etoUF3uM4W9SpxPaApQfsbi89`s׉	 7cassandra://k8hQtVSCxr8ZdBJ6c8uy-DaDqNrftqi0FYI4lHmKJyU` ׉	 7cassandra://vK6ECskD9uKHAfS64MHIHV0IbSRBjZeS3xgWf6LY_kA *e*͠]a7̃[ѻcט  (u׉׉	 7cassandra://-7pQ6wiGD08nRMF-ApTkeGkRel1xZsIvSmT-2fKsc0o O` ׉	 7cassandra://QCHEDXeau7bk6guyE0JG-NKGZR_3PafpVtx6YeiewAQs` s׉	 7cassandra://KDOkfznMmudpYy7OG0m0B1b1j06pS0fcHHzpk2eRmXM` ׉	 7cassandra://AOkKJ7fFSNvxqaw_DhhMvSIL00cjUZSrDup4MPX-Mb0͘͠]a7̃[ѻd׉E !“Stronger Together!”
Page 32
׉	 7cassandra://k8hQtVSCxr8ZdBJ6c8uy-DaDqNrftqi0FYI4lHmKJyU` a7ƃ[ѻ׉EARSA Summer CONFERENCE SCHEDULE
Thursday, September 16, 2021
8:00-9:15
9:30
Golf Tournament Registration, Breakfast
Breakfast Sponsor: Skyline Builders
Corporate Sponsors: EMC2, Veregy (formerly Midstate Energy and UES)
Golf Tournament at Flagstaff Ranch
Drink Sponsor: Waltz Construction
Prize Sponsor: GCON
Lunch Sponsor: GH2
2:30-4:00
5:00-7:00
Exhibitor Setup and Conference Registration
Sponsors: AACSS, AzTEA
Reception with Our Exhibitors, Happy Mariachi Trio
Sponsors: Veregy (formerly Midstate Energy and UES), 1GPA, School Webmasters, CWDL, The Professional Group, Sports Surfaces,
DVUSD Print Services, The Society for Science, Benson Systems
Friday, September 17, 2021
7:30-8:00
8:00-9:00
Continental Breakfast with Our Exhibitors, Conference Registration
Sponsors: Pueblo Mechanical, Waltz Construction, MUSCO, Renaissance Learning, Dobridge, FCI, Imagine Learning, The Trust
First General Session: Kristin Turner Presiding
Sponsors: DVUSD Print Services, The Professional Group, Veregy (formerly Midstate Energy and UES), Benson Systems,
Society for Science
Introduction of County Teachers of the Year: Vanessa Arredondo
Morning Keynote: President Brian Mueller, Grand Canyon University
9:00-9:30
9:30-10:30
10:30-11:00
Time with Our Exhibitors
Breakout Sessions (See Breakout Schedule on pages 20-21)
Time with Our Exhibitors
11:00-12:00 Breakout Sessions (See Breakout Schedule on pages 20-21)
12:00-1:30 Luncheon Buffet with Our Keynote Speaker: Kristin Turner Presiding
Sponsors: 1GPA, School Webmasters, WRECORP, Benson Systems, CWDL, Sports Surfaces, DVUSD Print Services,
The Professional Group
ASU Champions of Innovation Award: Presented by Jaime Festa and Mary O’Malley
Sponsor: ASUPD
Luncheon Keynote: Lee Jenkins, “If you behave, after lunch I’ll let you have another quiz.” Introduced by Wes Brownfield
1:30-2:30
2:30-3:30
3:45-5:00
5:30-6:00
6:00-9:00
Dessert with Our Exhibitors and Door Prizes
Sponsors: The Professional Group, DVUSD Print Services, 1GPA, School Webmasters
Breakout Sessions
Break and Final Session (See Breakout Schedule on pages 20-21)
Social
Sponsors: Dave Bang and Associates, Renaissance Learning, Imagine Learning, The Trust
Awards Banquet: Kristin Turner Presiding, Opening Remarks: Kathy Hoffman, State Superintendent of Public Instruction
Sponsors: NAU, ASUPD, U of A, GCU
Order of The Magnolia: Milan Eason
Elise Toles Women in Rural Leadership Award: Presented by Jennifer Johnson
Sponsors: Grand Canyon University
Rosy Rubio Scholarship Award: Introduction and Presentation by John Warren
Sponsor: 1GPA
Hall of Fame Induction: Sean Rickert
Sponsors: NAU, ASUPD, U of A, GCU
Evening Keynote: Tom Zoellner
Grand Canyon University ARSA Teacher of the Year Finalists: Introduced by John Warren
Sponsor: Grand Canyon University
Address by 2020 ARSA Teacher of the Year: Vanessa Arredondo
Norther Arizona University Teacher of the Year Award: Presented by Vanessa Arredondo
Sponsor: Northern Arizona University
9:00-11:00 Dance featuring The Honey Badgers Band
Sponsors: Vergy (formerly Midstate Energy and UES), The Society for Science
Saturday, September 18, 2021
8:30-10:00
10:00
Breakfast with ARSA General Membership Meeting
Sponsors: Vergy (formerly Midstate Energy and UES), The Society for Science
Conference Adjournment
Page 33
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://KDOkfznMmudpYy7OG0m0B1b1j06pS0fcHHzpk2eRmXM` a7ƃ[ѻa7ƃ[ѻ(בCט   (u׉׉	 7cassandra://WlwX7ixZzTyPGeDvz2xXeJ3a88grIDpmqmq24OZt-L8 %`׉	 7cassandra://SD8i3vfG0-3-liTeQtwn_vgonDCOnBvnkt-J7H-WB306`s׉	 7cassandra://GBRBCDsfUeHwSxfPtVhCcDCQahUzLOeBQ3c2HGG-jhs` ׉	 7cassandra://g06PWqk7ouBNV6EzphEaOaqbbyYge85K-azjp4T0YVU͸i͠]a7̃[ѻf׉E}Arizona Rural Schools Association
2041 W. Orange Drive
Phoenix, AZ 85105
PRSRT STD
US POSTAGE
PAID
PHOENIX,AZ
PERMIT NO.750
“STRONGER TOGETHER!”
Upcoming Events:
♦
♦
♦
ARSA Annual Conference September 16-18, Little America, Flagstaff
ASBA Law Conference September 8-10, Cambelback Inn
ASA Principals’ Law Conference September 16, Desert Willow
“Stronger Together!”
׉	 7cassandra://GBRBCDsfUeHwSxfPtVhCcDCQahUzLOeBQ3c2HGG-jhs` a7ƃ[ѻ׈Ea7ƃ[ѻa7ƃ[ѻ(, 'ARSA Newsletter 2021 Summer Singles WEBa7ÿZ( 